Don’t trust so much the Bible. For the more ancient parts, it is totally legendary. About the kingdom of Israël, it is more then possible that the tale exaggerates its size.
Israel tribes were among other and became sedentary, probably in the XII th century B…C, at the time of the invasions of the sea people, or just after.
Israël independence was lost when the Assyrian conquered it. They were followed by the Persians, then by the successor of Alexander the great, then by the Romans.
Israël disappeared after the Jewish revolts of 66-69 and 132-135 A.C.
The second temple was destroyed after the first one. The Jewish people were scattered around the whole known world. There were still Jews in Palestine but no state and no political entities.
And the Jews were not the only inhabitants of the land, Palestinians, called Philistines, sharing it. Lebanon was a Phoenician conglomerate of cities states.
Arabs followed Byzance, then the Crusaders, the Arabs, and the Turks.
And, yes Israel is a colonial fact. It is not a judgement, it is a fact. USA and Russia are colonial states, Australia is also one.
If i use your logic, Italians have historical rights on France and the whole Mediterranean territories, Israel included.
Beyond that, and even if most Jews have a common genetic origin, this one is very diluted. And it has been said that the Jewish people as a nation is an invention of the 19th. A common religion is not enough to make a people.
In fact, the universal European antisemitism was the main factor in the invention of the Jewish people, made it necessary.
Modern Hebrew is a recreation.
[The Invention of the Jewish People - Wikipedia]
[Hebrew language - Wikipedia]