Yea, I know what you’re saying. It is like reading religion. Some items are understood at the time written. But confusing latter on.
In number 4. Key words: “Ukraine, as a non-nuclear-weapons state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons”.
To understand that you have to go to. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1968
That will take you to:
With 191 member states, the NPT is hailed as the most comprehensive arms control treaty in history. The ultimate purpose of the Treaty (and the elaborate international regime that grew around it) is for no new nuclear states to emerge beyond the five—United States, USSR/Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom—that had already developed nuclear weapons at the time the NPT came into force.
Harvard Professor Bryan Hehir characterizes the NPT as a combination of three elements: a contract, a promise, and a pledge. The contract in the NPT comprises a two-fold obligation: nuclear possessors undertake steps to prohibit the transfer or control of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear weapons states (Article I), and non-nuclear weapon states agree not to receive, manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons (Article II). Nuclear weapon states then promise that they will help facilitate the development of civilian nuclear applications with all interested parties of the Treaty (Article IV). Finally, they pledge that they will conduct negotiations towards general and complete disarmament (Article VI).
So, if Russia is selling nuclear fuel to Ukraine. Which it is. Only if Ukraine keeps it NPT agreement. Which Biden is trying to get them to break.
Timeline: On April 20th, 2022
On 20 April Rosenergoatom announced that it would change Zaporizhzhia’s fuel from US-made to Russian fuel, following a report that the US Department of Energy had sent a letter saying that the occupied plant in Ukraine “contains US-origin nuclear technical data that is export-controlled by the United States Government”.
The US taxpayers are paying Westinghouse to build Ukraine new reactors to replace all the old ones. So Ukraine can use USA made nuclear fuel. Meanwhile we are buying 30% of our nuclear fuel from Russia. Note; Westinghouse is a Bermuda company.
Boiling it all down. Ukraine agreed to no nuclear and Russia (one of the five countries) agreed not to sell nuclear fuel to any countries that break the NPT agreement. Russia is still selling nuclear fuel to Ukraine.
Ukraine has 15 reactors making about half of Ukraine’s electricity.
NATO is nuclear. Therefore, my understanding is that Ukraine agreed not to join NATO. And if it does, it will break the NPT agreement, then no fuel for the reactors.
The key points is that Russia problems are with the US. Russia and Ukraine were each others biggest and best trading partners before US actions. Meanwhile the US is trying to rebuild Ukraine.
The best history on this is in the Wilson Center