He starts with some fun history, then gets to the problem of writing about something that is complex in a way that someone who doesn’t know it, can understand. It’s hard to remember what it’s like to not know it. That’s around 20 minutes.
Then, the real fun, violence
This is the most important part, why I posted this. But I continue on, because it’s relevant to me for other reasons. And I was installing a toilet and needed the occasional break.
22:20 The historical decline of violence is consistent with human nature. We have proclivities to violence and poor reasoning, but we also have the ability to examine those and handle them, and that’s progress.
23:40 Humanity has made progress. “This is not an expression of optimism”. “I don’t believe that just happens, I don’t believe there is a thing called ‘progress’ that magically lifts us ever upward. On the contrary, the universe tries to grind us down.” But we can use humanism to drive progress. When the goal is to make people better off as opposed to tribal, religious, or utopian ideas, we succeed now and then, and if we accumulate those then progress CAN happen.
The rest is support for the above, plus some interesting asides.
Why is this controversial?
The ideas are hard. Figuring out how we tick and what we should do.
We’re going to get it wrong sometimes.
Why shouldn’t they be controversial? There are situations to be overcome.
26:10 Academia has become increasingly more politicized. It has moved strongly to the Left. The Conservatives on campuses are the old people. So, from the viewpoint of the younger people on campus, everything looks conservative.
28:00 Intellectual life is divided into cultures (worldviews). Science vs Humanities.
29:20 A view that needs to be examined: Science solves mundane problems but it should stay out of the humanities, politics, and morality. This goes back to the enlightenment era split of philosophy from science.
Some comments on snobbery.
31:30 Literary intellectuals believe Western civilization is in decline. This has been going on since Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Foucault,… If you disagree with that, you’ll get pushback. “Intellectuals who call themselves progressive, really hate progress.” Pinker’s response is that politics, arts, and morality must be informed by science and our understanding of human nature that is empirically determined. Not a reduction, informed by. Test our assumptions, not just accepting the highest paid experts.
34:00 The moralization of belief. An empirical hypothesis is not a moral conviction. Questioning authority is not something to be punished.
35:00 What I now call “the rounding error”. Oversimplifying your opponent. “When X influences Y becomes X determines Y, or X is one cause of Y becomes X is the only cause of Y.”
Examines the science of the mind and what the moralizers make of it. Some examples of errors, like fairness doesn’t require sameness. The naturalistic fallacy. The moralistic fallacy.
39:51 A moralized hypothesis: If you say that we’ve made progress that would encourage complacency, to say everything is perfect, neoliberalism worked, but, if we deny those (correctly), then we must deny that progress has taken place (the fallacy).
40:20 In fact, something can decline without it disappearing. As we can show, extreme poverty has declined and people live in extreme poverty. We can and perhaps should keep reducing extreme poverty. Progress is not a miracle. It does not imply everyone is getting better all the time. There are dangers in not knowing the dangers, and dangers in being thoughtlessly pessimistic, that is being unaware of progress and how it works. We can choose something other than fatalism or radicalism.
In defense of controversy. It’s how we acquire knowledge. It’s how we make moral progress.
Otherwise, we live in “pluralistic ignorance”. Debate “punctures spirals of silence”.
EX: binge drinking. Individually the people who do it will say it’s not cool. But they say they do it because everyone else is. They believe everyone else believes it.
It’s the tale of the Emperor’s New Clothes. The story is made to be understandable to a child, but it’s unfortunate that we don’t discuss it as adults. It’s about the voicing in public of things that most people feel privately. It punctures that spiral of silence. In reality the kid would be told to shut up. But equally real, it would be something the adults could bring up, and expand into a full public debate. The problem of binge drinking didn’t disappear magically because of the study, that progress will be slow.
46:00 Looks at what was debated in the past, like “should we burn heretics”.
50:00 The consensus on climate change and the safeguarding of open debate.
52:00 Explains how “the regressive Left is an incubator of the Alt-Right”. If the open debate isn’t happening, people don’t see the flaws, and gravitate to the extremes.