Average in what way?
Please define.
Average size, composition, distance from the sun?
But we’ve learned it’s the amazing ultra small percentage one-off events that formed the conditions for complex evolving life Earth today.
I don’t believe you’ve given it that much thought.
I haven’t read this, but have the feeling I’ve learn most of it’s main points through other means over the past couple decades:
Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe is a 2000 popular science book about xenobiology by Peter Ward, a geologist and evolutionary biologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, a cosmologist and astrobiologist.
But to bring it a little more up to date:
Well don’t be misrepresenting Kipping! It’s obvious from the full content of his talk that he is speaking of intelligent life, technological life!!!
Kipping (nor myself) ever stated: “completely discount the probability of life on any planet” - it’s the smug certainty we are questioning! Also he is talking about “intelligent” life.
You really should support such a statement with a detail explanation.
It sounds more like a knee-jerk reaction from someone who superficially rushed through the talk, too busy poopooing on the thoughts discussed, to give them any serious consideration.
I have no argument with Morgan’s assessment.
What’s that got to do with other planets.
Yeah when all the ducks get lined up. Of course, its not a “chance” vs. “necessity” it requires specific conditions, such as very active plate tectonics, and that moon,.
Come on, isn’t that basically what the Drake Equation is?
And fundamentally what you’re doing?
It just has to be.
Oh, and before claiming too much regarding what Hazen thinks, please do a better job of bringing those quotes to the table.