I think today’s quite not so liberal French Republic is an heir of this “false individualism” tradition; while continental Europe communism is an heir of the Catholic church.
Maybe the strong socialist aspect of this French Republic is an heir of the conciliations the moderate had to do with the communists (Montagnards) during the French revolution (cf. “fraternité”).
So Hayek, in my opinion, confuses many things. And his attack on Cartesianism is a diverted way to attack the sytematic use of Reason, the first adversary to religion and traditionalism, which, for him being a conservative, he was a supporter of. But the conservatives are always like this: using covert opportunistic arguments to defend their cause.