I conservatively think - note the small ‘cee’ - that they are both biological in layer upon layer, from genes, wiring on up. Our culture is pathetically deterministic. My wife was head of an infants school with 40 - four zero - languages. It was a UN of cute little kids. The damage was already being done as some Muslim kids were already saying they couldn’t have infidel friends. Yes it’s learned, but it’s easily, quickly, indelibly learned. That’s biology.